Scourer

Scourer

Just try not to hurt your wrist when scouring your pots and pans.

  • Scourers are objects used on surfaces, often on food dishes like pots and pans, to clean or remove marks or food residue.
  • ‘Scourers’ are also known as ‘scouring pads’ and ‘scourer pads’, and historically, fine steel wool was, and is still used for scouring purposes, although it tends to disintegrate quickly.
  • The shape of scourers typically ranges from rectangular prisms in various heights, to rough, flexible flattened spheres or balls.
  • Modern scourers are generally made of coiled stainless steel, or plastic or steel mesh, and some are double sided with a softer sponge surface for gripping or wiping off residue.
  • An early scourer was invented by George Watson from Illinois, in the United States, in 1908; and it was designed in particular, to scour and wax a clothes iron.

Scourer, Metal, Ball, Pad, Yellow, Green, NEw, Old, Kitchen, Tool, Invention

  • The normal process of using a scourer requires the user to hold it in one’s hand, and continuously and firmly rub it on the surface to be cleaned, sometimes with the addition of water or cleaning solution.
  • The process of scouring can cause pain in the arm, wrist and hand, due to the constant scrubbing movement.
  • Scourers should not be used on surfaces that have a special coating, like non-stick pans and dishes, which can easily be scrubbed off.
  • A number of scourers were invented in the 1920s; and notable inventor Russell Kingman from New Jersey in the United States, filed some of the earliest patents for various scouring implements during that time, some of which our modern ones are based on.
  • Scouring can cause one’s skin to become irritated; and rubber gloves are often used to avoid or lessen the problem.
Bibliography:
Kingman, R 1925, ‘Scouring Implement’, US1532904 A, 7 April, p. 1, Google Patents, Google
Scouring Pad, 2014, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scouring_pad
Watson, G 1909, ‘Waxing and Scouring Pad’, US926789 A, 6 July, p. 1, Google Patents, Google

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Pesto

Pesto

Let your foods burst with flavour, with pesto!

  • Pesto is a condiment or paste used for culinary purposes, and it is primarily for used for flavouring dishes.
  • Pesto is typically made of olive oil; parmesan cheese; garlic; nuts, such as pine nuts; and herbs – usually basil.
  • ‘Pesto’ comes from the word ‘pestâ’ or ‘pestare’, meaning ‘to pound’ or ‘crush’, that originates from the Genoese language in Italy.
  • Italy’s Liguria in Europe is the original home of pesto, although Ancient Romans made a similar condiment with different herbs, named ‘moretum’.
  • Pesto is made by crushing the ingredients; and when made at home, the tool historically used is a mortar and pestle, although modern appliances, like blenders, are sometimes used.
Pesto, Green, Sauce, Condiment, Spoon, Culinary, Ten Random Facts, Flickr
Pesto
Image courtesy of bloggyboulga/Flickr
  • Foods that can be flavoured with pesto include beans, pasta, potatoes and bread, and while it can be prepared at home, it is commonly available in supermarkets, often in small jars.
  • A modern style recipe for pesto was first published in 1863, by Giovanni Battista Ratto, in his book.
  • Pesto can be fairly smooth to quite chunky in texture, and is often a vivid green colour, due to the crushed basil.
  • Pesto ingredients can vary, and can include sundried tomatoes and capsicum, or different nuts and herbs, and this will alter the taste, and sometimes the colour, which can be red due to the inclusion of tomatoes or capsicum.
  • Pesto is often a good source of iron, and vitamins A and C, and sometimes the sodium content can be very high.
Bibliography:
A Marvel of Simplicity: Pesto alla Genovese,
2015, Delallo, http://www.delallo.com/articles/marvel-simplicity-pesto-alla-genovese
Pesto, 2014, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesto
Pesto, 2015, Dr. Gourmet, http://www.drgourmet.com/ingredients/pesto.shtml

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Oyster

Oyster

Collect the pearls and eat the oyster.

  • Oysters are aquatic animals that are typically found in saltwater habitats around the world, and they can be found attached to rocks, water structures and other objects.
  • The term ‘oyster’ generally refers to a loosely grouped collection of clams, that are from the class Bivalvia, the class of bivalve molluscs, however, Ostreidae, is the family of true ones, of which the edible creatures belong to.
  • The hard shell of an oyster is typically a variety of colours, that can include tan, white, brown, black and yellow, and they range from 3 to 36 centimetres (1.2 to 14 inches) in length.
  • Some oyster species can produce pearls, however pearls are generally cultivated or obtained from the distant relatives in the Pinctada genus, that belong to Pteriidae family, the family of feather oysters.
  • Oysters have a diet that primarily consists of plankton or other microscopic objects in the water, that is collected by filtering water through the mollusc’s gills; and the animal is preyed upon by birds, fish, starfish, turtles and crabs; and have a lifespan of one to three years.

Oyster, Ten Random Facts, Seafood, Animal, Aquatic, Shell, Edible, Cuisine

  • Oysters can produce millions of eggs at one time, which can quickly hatch into larvae, and they permanently establish themselves on a surface after a few weeks.
  • Oysters have been part of the human diet since ancient times and are commonly eaten today, often as part of a seafood dish; and they are usually obtained by boating, diving or wading, and gloved hands or rakes are used to pry the molluscs from their permanent surfaces.
  • The colour of oyster blood is transparent, and large quantities of water can be filtered by a single animal, with an average of 189 litres (50 gallons) a day.
  • Oysters are extremely high in vitamin B12, copper and zinc, and they are high in iron, selenium, and vitamin D, and contain many other vitamins and minerals.
  • Oysters need to be fresh when eaten, and the animal cannot be dead before cooking, as they will be toxic; and while the mollusc can be consumed raw, they are commonly cooked, fried, smoked, roasted, steamed, or boiled.

 

Bibliography:
Oyster, 2013, A-Z Animals, http://a-z-animals.com/animals/oyster/
Oyster, 2015, National Geographic, http://animals.nationalgeographic.com.au/animals/invertebrates/oyster/
Oyster, 2015, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster


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Chili Pepper

Chili Pepper

Try not to kill your tongue with hot chilli peppers.

  • A chili pepper is a red, yellow or green coloured fruit, usually from one of five species of plants that belong to the Capsicum genus, and they are from the family Solanaceae, the family of nightshades.
  • ‘Chili peppers’ are also known as ‘chilli peppers’, ‘chile peppers’, ‘chillies’ and ‘peppers’; and they range in shape and size, and are generally between 2.5 to 15 centimetres (1 to 6 inches) in length.
  • Chili peppers are native to America, where the food has historically been a staple culinary item, particularly in Central America.
  • Chili pepper was named after black pepper, which, according to the Italian explorer, Christopher Columbus who named them, had a similar spicy flavour.
  • Around the 1500s, after Christopher Columbus’ discovery, chili peppers became known and used in Europe; and Portuguese traders brought the food to Asia.

Chili Pepper, Red, Food, Vegetable, Vegetation, Ten Random Facts, Two, Plate, Grown, Australia, Chilli,

  • Chili peppers contain a chemical named capsaicin, which causes the hot, spicy flavour; and the capsaicin quantity is measured using Scoville heat unites (SHU); while the hottest is the Carolina reaper, with 2.2 million SHU.
  • Chili peppers can be eaten dried or fresh; cooked, roasted, ground or pickled, and they are popular in curries, and Mexican and Asian cuisine.
  • Chemicals, including capsaicin, can be derived from chili peppers to create pepper spray, which can be used to temporarily blind people, sometimes used for police control purposes.
  • Chili peppers can be used to combat pain from nerve disfunctions and osteoarthritis, as well as protecting healthy fats.
  • Chili peppers are extremely high in vitamin C, and they are high in vitamin K, vitamin A and fibre.
Bibliography:
Chili pepper, 2015, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chili_pepper
Chili pepper, dried, 2015, The World’s Healthiest Foods, http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=29

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Basil

Basil

Add a tinge of flavour with some basil.

  • Basil is a species of leafy herb that is used primarily in cooking, and it is mostly grown as an annual.
  • ‘Basil’ is also known as ‘Saint Joseph’s Wort’ and ‘sweet basil’, and sometimes ‘Thai basil’, however this name usually refers to a variety of the herb.
  • Basil has the scientific name Ocimum basilicum and is from the family of mint, and there are numerous varieties of the herb, including a licorice flavoured one.
  • Basil plants typically have green fragrant leaves, although purple varieties are available, and they usually grow to be 30 to 130 centimetres (12 to 51 inches) in height.
  • Basil is said to have originated in Asia and Africa, where, in some countries, it has been grown as a crop in ancient civilisations, especially in India.

Basil, Vegetation, Herb, Plant, Ten Random Facts, Green, Fresh, Growing.

  • Basil leaves are generally used to flavour foods, either dried or fresh, although the latter contains much more flavour, and oil can also be extracted from the plants.
  • Fresh basil should only be cooked for short time periods, as longer cooking will cause the flavour to dissipate.
  • Basil has been used in traditional medicine, especially in India, and studies into the herb have also determined that it has significant antiviral and other beneficial medicinal properties.
  • The term ‘basil,’ has it origins in the word ‘basileus’, and when translated from Greek means ‘king’.
  • Basil is extremely high in vitamin K, and is good source of manganese, and vitamin A.
Bibliography:
Basil, 2015, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil
Basil, 2015, The World’s Healthiest Foods, http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=85

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Mussel

Mussel

Don’t go picking any random mussel off the street, or in this case, the rocks.

  • Mussels are a groups of molluscs that are found in both salt and fresh water environments, and they are roughly symmetrical.
  • The term ‘mussels’ is most commonly applied to the family Mytilidae, a family of saltwater species; and the molluscs are from the class Bivalvia, the class of bivalve molluscs.
  • Mussels can grow to be 4 to 15 centimetres (1.6 to 6 inches) in length, and are typically taller than wider.
  • The shell of a mussel is frequently a dark colour, like brown, blue or black, and it is also three-layered, in two halves, and is connected at a hinge; while the internal creature has a ‘foot’ that is a muscle-like organ, used to drag the mollusc along surfaces.
  • The diet of mussels consists of tiny aquatic animals such as plankton, which can affect the mollusc’s toxicity, and their food is caught using their water filtering system.
Mussel, Blue, Animals, Aquatic, Marine, Californian, Ten Random Facts, Flickr
Mussels
Image courtesy of Franco Folini/Flickr
  • Fresh water mussel larvae fasten themselves to fish once born, and using the host’s excreted chemicals they create a shell; and then detach from their host after the shell has been made.
  • Around 17 species of mussel are considered suitable for consumption by humans, and China was the biggest producer of edible species in 2005, roughly totalling 40% of the worldwide production.
  • Mussels are commonly eaten as seafood, and must be cooked while they are living, or only just dead, otherwise toxins can build, and cooking styles include smoking, roasting, steaming, boiling and frying.
  • Mussels typically take 12 to 15 months to grow to a commercially acceptable size, which is approximately 4 cm (1.6 inches) in length.
  • Mussels are a good source of phosphorus, iron and protein, and they are high in selenium, and extremely high in vitamin B12 and manganese.
 Bibliography:
Mussel, 2015, Encylopedia.com, http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/mussel.aspx
Mussel, 2015, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mussel

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