Pencil

Pencil

Just need a human.

  • A pencil is a utensil that is used for writing or drawing  and includes many types like graphite, charcoal, carbon, coloured, grease and watercolour pencils.
  • Early pencils were a stylus made from a metal rod or lead.
  • In the 1500s, a great marking substance was discovered, and at the time it was thought to be a type of lead, hence the name ‘lead pencil’.   It was graphite, and most pencils have contained graphite ever since.
  • Pencils typically have a cylindrical wooden casing which helps prevent the core (or lead as it is known), generally a mixture of graphite and clay, from breaking and prevents colour transferring to hands.
  • The word ‘pencil’ comes from the Old French ‘pincel’ meaning small paintbrush.

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  • In March 1858, the first design was issued for a pencil with an eraser on the end.
  • In most countries, graphite pencils have a typical coloured outer casing.  In the United States, most are yellow, in Australia they are a red and black combination, and in Germany they are green, blue or black.
  • The largest pencil was finished in September, 2007 and measured 23 meters (76 feet) in length and 8,200 kg  (18,000 pounds) in weight.
  • Pencils come in a variety of shapes and designs, including hexagonal, cylindrical or rectangular shapes, as well as mechanical pencils with a plastic casing and propelling leads, and flexible pencils.
  • Pencils have a hardness (H) and blackness or softness (B) rating system. Adding a number in front of a H or behind a B indicates the rating of hardness or softness.
Bibliography:
Pencil 6 January 2013, Wikipedia, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pencil>

Witchetty Grub

Witchetty Grub

Hooked Stick Grub

  • Witchetty grubs are also known as witchety grubs or witjuti grubs.
  • The term witchetty grub is used for large white larvae of moths that chew through wood and eat roots or sap of certain trees and plants.
  • The most common type of witchetty grub is the larvae of the Cossid Moth.
  • Witchetty grubs are part of the traditional diet of indigenous Australians.
  • Witchetty grubs are eaten either raw or cooked and are very high in protein and have a nutty flavour.  They have been said to taste like scrambled eggs, and when cooked they taste like chicken.

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Witchetty Grub
Image courtesy of Nathan Johnson/Flickr
  • The word ‘witchetty grub’ comes from the indigenous Australian language, Adnyamathanha, from the words ‘wityu‘ meaning hooked stick and ‘vartus‘ meaning grub.
  • The witchetty bush (acacia kempeanas) is the main food of certain witchetty grubs.
  • The witchetty grub can grow up to 12 cm (4.7 inches) in size.
  • Witchetty grubs live in burrows that they create, up to 60 cm (23 inches) underground.
  • Witchetty grub moths have a wingspan of up to 16cm (6 inches) and don’t eat, but instead use stored energy from the grub form.
Bibliography:
Witchetty Grub n.d, Bush Tucker, <http://library.untamedgroup.com/entry/bush-tucker/103/>

Gardenia

Gardenia

Named after a ‘Garden’.

  • Gardenia are small evergreen trees or shrubs, and grow between 1-15 meters (3.3-49 feet) tall.
  • 142 species have been discovered in the gardenia family.
  • Gardenia are native to Africa, Australasia and Oceania tropics.
  • Gardenias belong to the coffee plant family, ‘Rubiaceae’.
  • Gardenia flowers have a strong, pretty, sweet smell.

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  • The gardenia flower is the national flower of Pakistan.
  • The gardenia was named after Dr Alexander Garden, a famous botanist, who was also a zoologist and physician.
  • The fruit of the gardenia is sometimes used in Chinese medicine.
  • If water touches gardenia flowers, the flowers will turn a coffee coloured brown.
  • Flowers of the gardenia are typically white or pale yellow.
Bibliography:
Gardenia 13 November 2012, Wikipedia, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardenia>

Enid Blyton

Enid Blyton

Ever heard of the Famous Five or Secret Seven?

  • Enid Blyton was born on the 11th of August 1897, in East Dulwich, England and died on the 28th of November, 1968, aged 71, in Hampstead, England.
  • Enid Blyton is estimated to have written over 800 books, in a period of approximately 40 years.
  • Enid Blyton used the pen name ‘Mary Pollock’ at times.
  • Enid Blyton typically wrote adventure, mystery and fantasy books for children.
  •  Enid Blyton has been most famous for her Famous Five, Secret Seven, and the Noddy series.

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Enid Blyton
Image courtesy of Photobucket
  • Enid Blyton worked as an author, a poet and a teacher.
  • Enid Blyton married two men: Hugh Pollock (from 1924 – 1942) whom she divorced, and Kenneth Waters (from 1943-1967).
  • Enid Blyton’s books have sold over 600 million copies.
  • Enid Blyton tried several times over a number of years to get her work broadcasted by BBC and eventually in 1954 some of her work was aired.
  • Even though Enid Blyton remains a popular children’s author, her work has been long scrutinised due to its sometimes racial insensitivity and gender stereotyping, and the suggestion that she was a second rate, long-winded author.

 

Bibliography:
Enid Blyton 19 December 2012, Wikipedia, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enid_Blyton>

Niagara Falls

Niagara Falls

Pretty but dangerous.

  • The Niagara Falls is a group of three waterfalls: the Horseshoe Falls, the American Falls and the Bridal Veil Falls and sits on the border of the US state of New York, and Ontario, Canada.
  • The Niagara Falls are very wide and at their highest point are 51 meters (167 feet) in height.  They are most significant due to the enormous volume of water that falls over the edge, on average approximately 110,000 m3 (4 million cubic feet) per minute.
  • The Niagara Falls produces large amounts of  hydroelectricity power for the surrounding cities.
  • The Niagara Falls erodes easily, and is estimated in 50,000 years there will be no falls at all.
  • The name ‘Niagara Falls’ is from the American-Indian tribe the Mohawks.

Niagara Falls, America, Ten Random Facts, Free Digital Photos, Ontario, Canada, waterfall,

Niagara Falls
Image courtesy of George Stojkovic/ Free Digital Photos
  • Fifteen people have intentionally gone over the falls; some jumped, some were protected by barrels; some died, some survived with injuries.
  • The first person to go over the Niagara Falls was a 63 year old school teacher from Michigan, Annie Edison Taylor, in October, 24, 1901, in a barrel.
  • A number of people have tight-roped over Niagara Falls, the first was Jean François ‘Blondin’ Gravelet.  Tight-roping and going over the falls is now banned and is illegal.
  • Niagara Falls as been featured in many movies, including ‘Superman II’.
  • In 2009, it was estimated 28 million people visited the Niagara Falls that year.
Bibliography:
Niagara Falls 31 December 2012 , Wikipedia, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niagara_Falls>

New Year’s Day

New Year’s Day

Welcome to 2013 and have a refreshing, new year!

  • New Year’s Day is the first day of the first month, of every year.
  • New Year’s Day is officially celebrated on the first of January in most places around the world, due to it being the first day of the year on the widely used Gregorian calendar.
  • New Year’s Day is celebrated by having parades, going to sport matches, having parties and viewing fireworks.
  • New Year’s Day celebrations were widely celebrated in Rome on the first of January, earlier than 46 BC, which they had dedicated to the Roman god Janus, for the start of a new year.
  • It is said that in 1362, Ukraine, Lithuania and Belarus, started celebrating New Year’s Day as the first of January, although the Gregorian calendar was not created until 1582.

New YEars Day, Party, Wine, Champene,, Yellow Glen Jewel,confetti, Ten Random Facts

  • Thailand, in 1941, was the most recent country to officially celebrate New Year’s Day as the first of January.
  • One of the pacific islands of Kiribati, which is uninhabited, is the first to welcome New Year’s Day every year.
  • One unusual  New Year’s Day celebration is performed throughout Canada – a polar bear plunge.  People swim or plunge themselves in icy cold water, usually to raise money for special causes.
  • Babies born on New Year’s Day (first of January) are often called New Year babies.
  • It wasn’t until 1752 that England, Wales and parts of the United States adopted the first of January as the beginning of their new year. Prior to this, March 25 marked the beginning of a new year.
Bibliography:
New Year’s Day 30 December 2012, Wikipedia, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Year’s_Day>
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